Definition and liability of warranty obligations in technology patent assignment contracts in China
Palavras-chave:
Transferência de patente, Obrigações de garantia, Autenticidade de direitos, Riscos de validade jurídica, Alocação de riscos de transaçãoResumo
Na prática de transferência de patentes de tecnologia, os direitos de patente, como ativos intangíveis essenciais, frequentemente levam a disputas sobre obrigações de garantia devido à incerteza dos direitos, à variabilidade do efeito jurídico e à dependência da implementação da tecnologia. As normas vigentes muitas vezes confundem a autenticidade dos direitos, o efeito jurídico e o risco da utilização da tecnologia, resultando em responsabilidade excessiva para o cedente e em um desequilíbrio na alocação de riscos. Com base no Código Civil e na Lei de Patentes, este artigo explora os limites razoáveis das obrigações de garantia e defende uma distinção categorizada: a garantia da integridade da titularidade é uma obrigação legal essencial e não pode ser totalmente dispensada; a responsabilidade pelo risco do efeito jurídico se limita a defeitos conhecidos ou que deveriam ser conhecidos, porém não divulgados; e a viabilidade da tecnologia deve ser estipulada no contrato. Com base nisso, constrói-se uma estrutura de dupla obrigação de "garantia estática da autenticidade dos direitos e alerta precoce dinâmico de riscos conhecidos". Por meio da divulgação escalonada e da precificação de riscos, a autonomia das partes é respeitada e a generalização da responsabilidade é evitada, melhorando, assim, a segurança da transação, a previsibilidade judicial e a racionalidade institucional.
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