Integración de la inteligencia artificial y las tecnologías digitales en las investigaciones previas al juicio: riesgos legales y probatorios
Palabras clave:
Derecho Internacional Humanitario, Sistemas Autónomos, Ciberataques, Guerra Tecnológica, Violaciones Del Dih, Riesgos HumanitáriosResumen
The study aims to analyse the dynamics of the use of autonomous systems, artificial intelligence technologies, and cyberattacks in armed conflicts in 2015–2024. The paper also identifies their impact on compliance with international humanitarian law. A normative analysis of the provisions of the Geneva Conventions, UN documents, the ICRC, and the Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) applied. The empirical part was based on SIPRI, UCDP, and ACLED data. The main emphasis was placed on the analysis of indicators during 2021-2024. These data served as the basis for conducting correlation and regression analysis. The results revealed the relationship between the level of technological participation and the number of violations of IHL (r = 0.80 for cyberattacks; r = 0.65 for autonomous systems). The highest humanitarian risks are recorded in wars with high lethality and fragmentation rates (Ukraine, Syria, Sudan, and Israel). Hence, the technological evolution of war has formed important legal gaps in the regulation of autonomous and cyber means. Existing IHL norms need to be updated by establishing the principle of "meaningful human control“.
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