The Tanzimat paradox: Legal dualism and the dilemma of westernization in Ottoman modernization. Cadernos de Dereito Actual, [S. l.], n. 32, p. 388–404, 2026. Disponível em: https://www.cadernosdedereitoactual.es/index.php/cadernos/article/view/1538. Acesso em: 30 jun. 2026.